int getSqrtOfStringLength(string& s) {
    int sqrt = 1;
    for (; sqrt * sqrt < s.size(); sqrt++) {}
    
    if (sqrt * sqrt == s.size()) {
        return sqrt;
    }
    return sqrt - 1;
}

string removeWhitespaces(string& s) {
    string noWhitespaces;
    for (char character : s) {
        if (character != ' ') {
            noWhitespaces += character;
        }
    }
    
    return noWhitespaces;
}

string encryption(string s) {
    s = removeWhitespaces(s);
    int sqrt = getSqrtOfStringLength(s);
    int rowLength = sqrt, columnLength = sqrt;
    
    if (rowLength * columnLength < s.size()) {
        columnLength++;
    }
    
    if (rowLength * columnLength < s.size()) {
        rowLength++;
    }
    
    string finalAnswer;
    for (int addition = 0; addition < columnLength; addition++) {
        for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < rowLength; rowIndex++) {
            int requiredStringPosition = rowIndex * columnLength + addition;
            if (requiredStringPosition >= s.size()) {
                continue;
            }
            
            finalAnswer += (s.at(requiredStringPosition));
        }
        
        finalAnswer += ' ';
    }
    
    return finalAnswer;    
}