#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

long countArray(int n, int k, int x) {
    // Return the number of ways to fill in the array.
    if(n==3)
    {if(x!=1)
        return (k-2);
     else return k-1;}
   
    else
    {int ans=0;
        ans+=k-1+k-2;
        if(n>4)
            ans+=(n-4)*(k-1);
        return ans;
    }
}

int main() {
    int n;
    int k;
    int x;
    cin >> n >> k >> x;
    long answer = countArray(n, k, x);
    cout << answer << endl;
    return 0;
}