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If you will write just auto c the ranged for will only intialize c with copy of a string element in every iteration of for. So the loop will just keep changing c and discarding its value everytime. But with auto &c a reference is created. If x is reference of y then its like two names x and y that denote the same variable y. So now c becomes just another name for our string element.
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Caesar Cipher
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If you will write just
auto cthe ranged for will only intialize c with copy of a string element in every iteration of for. So the loop will just keep changing c and discarding its value everytime. But withauto &ca reference is created. Ifxis reference ofythen its like two names x and y that denote the same variable y. So nowcbecomes just another name for our string element.