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It essentially does the 'rotations' before even assigning the array values in the first place, then uses modular arithmetics:
1) First, (i+k) ensures that each array value is 'moved' k positions to the right. Obviously, this means that towards the end of the array, values will exceed the array size, i+k > n-1, which we cannot allow to happen.
2) Then, by using %n ('mod n'), we ensure that whenever (i+k) exceeds the max array position (n-1), we loop back to position a[0] and continue from there. Essentially this works in the same was as a clock 'starts over' when the hands of the clock reach 12.
Circular Array Rotation
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how this arr[(i+k)%n]' works in the program
It essentially does the 'rotations' before even assigning the array values in the first place, then uses modular arithmetics:
1) First, (i+k) ensures that each array value is 'moved' k positions to the right. Obviously, this means that towards the end of the array, values will exceed the array size, i+k > n-1, which we cannot allow to happen.
2) Then, by using %n ('mod n'), we ensure that whenever (i+k) exceeds the max array position (n-1), we loop back to position a[0] and continue from there. Essentially this works in the same was as a clock 'starts over' when the hands of the clock reach 12.
Modulo is a tricky mathematical concept, but once you understand how it's used here I think you will agree that this solution is absolutely BRILLIANT. If you don't know what modulo is, there's a pretty good introduction here: https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography/modarithmetic/a/what-is-modular-arithmetic
Thanks. We need more people like you that take time to explain logic.