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    it's modern C++'s way of looping containers that can be iterated.

    read it as forEACH element of type T in iterable_container_of_types_T

    Many times found as 'for(auto it : container)'

    In this example it is basically grabbing each letter of the word, substracting 97 ('a' ASCII value) to map it onto the array of letters with indexes [0-n] and checking if the height in that container's position is greater that the previously stored greatest letter size.