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Hasirama don't feel bad. see the success rate. here is a hint if you are still struggling: Find a primitive root first. Then the powers modulo p of that primitive root generates all the numbers from 0 to 1. But when does it generate another primitive root? See if you can detect the pattern
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weskerhluffy This video explains very well the primitive root topic and how to calculate the number of primitive roots https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IviYLdqmIdw&t=6s . P.S.: There are a lot of spam in this discussion
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subhajit104 #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define ll long long int ll n , s_primitive,number; ll power(ll a, ll b, ll mod){ if(b == 0) return 1; ll temp = power(a,b>>1,mod)%mod; temp = (temp*temp)%mod; if(b&1) temp = temp*a%mod; return temp; }
sgrebenkin You made my day. My solution was not passing a couple of tests because of TLE.
My implementation of this function was a problem.
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morganalice725 You have given very best and more relevant code which I have created for this question's reply but after see your answer I can't share it because you have already give it here. But I want to say, you are doing good work, I am student of an academic course and sometime teacher gives me an uk cipd assignment topic related to coding if I get stuck in any point so discuss that with you and I am sure you will solve that issue quickly.
brucemcgreggor1 A method of solving a problem which depends on the smaller occurrences of the same problem known as Recursion. Most of the College Life Network programming languages must allow this method. A function called itself within its own code.
shaheenbookss Thanks for sharing your code...its really help me to solve my problems.. Famous Urdu Novels List sometime teacher gives me an uk cipd assignment topic related to coding if I get stuck in any point so discuss that with you..
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subhajit104 algo: 1. find all the unique prime factor of the n-1.
ll number = n-1 ; vector<ll> fact; for(ll i = 2 ; i*i <= number ; i++){ // O(n) if( number%i == 0 ) fact.push_back(i); while(number%i == 0) number /= i; } if(number > 2) fact.push_back(number);
- then find the smallest primitive root using the giving link in the editorial.
ll s_primitive; for(ll i = 2 ; i < n ; i++){ bool flag = true; for(auto prime: fact){ if(power(i,n/prime,n) == 1){ flag = false; break; } } if(flag){ s_primitive = i; break; } } cout << s_primitive << " ";
- find the number of the primitove roots. We know that any prime p has ϕ(p−1) primitive roots. We also know that the prime power decomposition of p - 1 can be written as: p−1=p1^(e1),p2^(e2)..., and we then know that ϕ(p−1)=p1^(e1−1)(p1−1)p2^(e2−1)(p2−1)...pk^(ek−1)*(pk−1)
n--; for(auto fa:fact) n = n/fa*(fa-1); cout << n << endl;
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fcong1989 I think this coding test is left by the website manager in the forgotten corner. Why do I say this?
First of all, the editorial is not as informative as for others. So I need to really check wikipedia and search for what I could really use.
Secondly, the forum is full of advertisements, perhaps providing virus links. I think all those comments should be removed.
Back to the problem itself, here are some "more detailed" hints from me:
Use the information from the Math StackExchange website. It helps to reduce the test cases you need to try for each number g. To be concrete, instead of trying all the powers from 0 to p-2, you can simply try the numbers , where denotes the ith distince prime factor of p-1. This can significantly reduce the computation load.
when you calcualate the Euler totient function of p-1, you can use the formula: , where denotes the ith distince prime factor of x. This is also known as "the Euler product formula". You can find it in the wikipedia page.
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