C++ provides a nice alternative data type to manipulate strings, and the data type is conveniently called string. Some of its widely used features are the following:

• Declaration:

  string a = "abc";
  

• Size:

  int len = a.size();
  

• Concatenate two strings:

  string a = "abc";
  string b = "def";
  string c = a + b; // c = "abcdef".
  

• Accessing element:

  string s = "abc";
  char   c0 = s[0];   // c0 = 'a'
  char   c1 = s[1];   // c1 = 'b'
  char   c2 = s[2];   // c2 = 'c'
  
  s[0] = 'z';         // s = "zbc"
  

P.S.: We will use cin/cout to read/write a string.