A simple solution that doesn't involve the Java Math Class is to use the MIN and MAX fields on the Byte, Short, Integer, and Long wrapper classes.

 try
        {
            long x=sc.nextLong();
            System.out.println(x+" can be fitted in:");
            if(x>=Byte.MIN_VALUE && x<=Byte.MAX_VALUE){
                System.out.println("* byte");
            }
            if (x>=Short.MIN_VALUE && x<=Short.MAX_VALUE){
                System.out.println("* short");
            }
            if (x>=Integer.MIN_VALUE && x<=Integer.MAX_VALUE){
                System.out.println("* int");
            }
            if (x>=Long.MIN_VALUE && x<=Long.MAX_VALUE){
                System.out.println("* long");
            }
        }