long 64 –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9 ,223,372,036,854,775,807

int 32 –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

short 16 –32,768 to 32,767

byte 8 –128 to 127

                            if you recognize the positive number of the primitive variable is alway less with 1, check the Byte the minimum  is -128 and the positive is not 128, its 128 -1 = 127, so we add -1 so we can have the right positive range and have the right value.

                            wish i was helpfull